" Criticism and Study of Postmodernism and Its Effects on Philosophical and Scientific Knowledge"

(In Viewing of Challenges beyond Contemporary Sociology)

Mojtaba Sedaghati Fard

Student of Ph.D Degree of Sociology In Research Sciences of Tehran Branch

and Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University Garmsar Branch

Abstract

This study have considered discussion of principles and thoughts in postmodernism ideas with seeing on postmodernistic approach at contemporary sociology. The main aspect of postmodernism ,in a general state,is unbelieving to philosophical universality and nonconfiding to general theories or "metanarratives" that agrees with universal systems of thinking. This idea that is,more and more,reactive toward rational crisis of modernism,s period and results from harmful effects of modernisms thinking in contemporary world,uses new and different language of modernized literature and places in a new viewpoint of human,society,structures and common concepts at age of modernity. In this article, fundamental principles of postmodernism include five essential concepts: criticism of modernism, Criticism of modern rationality,falseness of metanarratives, denied authority and referentiality, pluralism, absolute relativism. We have considered three social scientists, that is J.F.Lyotard, J.Baudrillard and F.Jameson, and the effects of influence about these principles have studied in sociology.

Accordingly,the purpose of this paper have investigated on theoretical basis of postmodernism and its effects on contemporary sociology. In addition, the essential reason of this research is knowing with the critical-analytical method. In sum,In final assessments and conclusions of this subject, several criticisms have considered about this idea with the regard of analysis of scientists toward postmodernism.

Keywords :

Modernity, Modernistic Rationality, Postmodernism, Humanism, Pluralism, Relativism, Metanarrative, Referentiality